Author: Kai

An instrument rating significantly broadens a pilot’s capabilities and career prospects. It allows pilots to operate under Instrument Flight Rules (IFR), enabling them to fly in a wide range of weather conditions and ensuring safer operations when visibility is limited. This qualification is often a prerequisite for airline applications, as it demonstrates a pilot’s ability to handle complex navigational challenges.

Moreover, for flight instructors, having an instrument rating is advantageous. It not only enhances their teaching capabilities but also prepares them for career advancement opportunities within flight schools, such as training other pilots for their instrument ratings. Therefore, obtaining an instrument rating opens up more job opportunities and is a critical step for pilots aiming to advance in their aviation careers.

Mastering instrument flight involves a comprehensive skill set, each vital for navigating safely in varied flight conditions.

Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) Proficiency

Primarily, proficiency in Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) is critical. IFR governs aircraft navigation and operation in conditions lacking visual cues, demanding a deep understanding of these rules for safe and efficient flight.

Spatial Orientation and Situational Awareness

Equally vital is spatial orientation and situational awareness. Pilots must maintain their spatial orientation using only instruments, constantly aware of their aircraft’s position and trajectory in a three-dimensional space. This skill is crucial in conditions with limited visibility, where pilots rely entirely on instrument readings to navigate.

Proficiency in Aircraft Control

Proficiency in aircraft control is another cornerstone of instrument flight. Pilots must skillfully manage the aircraft’s altitude, speed, and heading, with precision, relying solely on instrument readings. This precision is crucial in maintaining a safe and steady flight path, particularly in challenging weather conditions or congested airspace.

Navigation Skills

Navigation skills also play a pivotal role. Pilots must be adept in using advanced navigation systems like VOR, ILS, and GPS. These systems assist in accurate route planning and adherence, ensuring that the aircraft remains on its intended path throughout the flight.

Interpreting Weather Information

Interpreting weather information is an integral part of IFR operations. Pilots must understand and interpret meteorological data, as weather significantly impacts flight. This knowledge helps in making informed decisions, especially in adverse weather conditions.

Communication Skills

Communication skills are indispensable in instrument flight. Effective communication with air traffic control (ATC) is essential for receiving and understanding instructions and clearances. This ensures a coordinated and safe flight operation within the controlled airspace.

Flight Planning and Management

Flight planning and management involve considering various factors like fuel requirements, altitudes, routes, and alternate airports. Efficient planning is key to a successful flight operation, especially under IFR conditions.

Continuous Learning and Adaptation

Continuous learning and adaptation are crucial in the ever-evolving field of aviation. Pilots must stay updated with the latest technology and regulations, ensuring their skills and knowledge remain relevant and effective.

In summary, successful instrument flight hinges on a blend of technical proficiency, situational awareness, decision-making skills, and continuous learning. These attributes are indispensable for pilots navigating in environments where reliance on visual cues is not possible, ensuring safety and efficiency in modern aviation.

What Else Should I Know?

We’ve compiled a few useful posts that might help you out. Wherever you are on your aviation journey, the team at Learn To Fly Melbourne are here to help. We want you to pass your exams and have an excellent career, so please reach out if we can help support you through your course and studies!

Navigating the path to becoming an airline pilot in Australia is often surrounded by myths and misconceptions. This blog aims to dispel some of the most common misunderstandings, starting with the belief that a bachelor’s degree is essential. In reality, practical flying experience is far more valued. Additionally, concerns about the affordability of pilot training are addressed with solutions like the VET Student Loans program. Furthermore, we debunk the notion that Australian pilots are confined to working within Australia, highlighting opportunities in the US, Asia, and Europe. By clarifying these misconceptions, we hope to provide a clearer and more encouraging pathway for those aspiring to soar in the Australian skies.

1. I Need A Bachelor’s Degree

The misconception that a bachelor’s degree is necessary to become an airline pilot in Australia is widespread, yet it’s not accurate. Contrary to popular belief, pursuing a degree might not only be unnecessary but also can lead to more expenses and time consumption. Major airlines, such as Qantas, emphasize practical flying experience over academic qualifications. Their recruitment criteria, which can be reviewed on their website, focus on flying credentials and experience without mentioning the need for a bachelor’s or even a diploma.

To be eligible for direct entry pilot positions in airlines, the standard requirements typically include holding a Commercial Pilot Licence (CPL), a Multi-Engine Command Instrument Rating (MECIR), and passing all the Air Transport Pilot Licence (ATPL) theory exams. Additionally, applicants must meet specific flying hours, including a certain number of hours in multi-engine aircraft. These requirements are geared towards practical flying experience and proficiency.

Rather than spending an extra two years at university, aspiring pilots can utilize this time more effectively in the aviation field. For instance, obtaining a Flight Instructor Rating and working as a flight instructor can be a strategic move. This not only allows for the accumulation of valuable flying hours but also provides practical experience and a deeper understanding of aviation. Within two years, while university graduates are just receiving their CPL and MECIR, those who chose the practical route could have already amassed significant flying hours, giving them a considerable advantage in the aviation job market. This approach underscores the importance of practical experience in the aviation industry and highlights an alternative, more direct path to becoming an airline pilot in Australia.

Furthermore, the financial burden of a university degree should not be underestimated. Aviation training itself is a significant investment, and adding university tuition fees on top of that can be financially overwhelming. By directly entering flight training programs, aspiring pilots can allocate their resources more efficiently towards building their flying careers.

2. I Can’t Afford The Training

A common misconception about becoming an airline pilot in Australia is the perceived unaffordability of flight training.

Indeed, the costs associated with training to become a qualified airline pilot can be substantial. However, there are financial supports in place within Australia, such as the VET Student Loans program, which can make this dream more attainable.

Eligible students can apply for these government-funded loans to cover the costs of their flight training. This assistance significantly reduces the financial burden, making pilot training more accessible to a broader range of individuals. The VET Student Loans program is specifically designed to support vocational education and training, and it covers a range of courses, including those in aviation.

By leveraging these loans, aspiring pilots can invest in their education and training without the immediate stress of financial constraints. This opportunity opens up the field of aviation to many who may have previously considered it out of reach due to cost concerns. For more information on eligibility and application details for the VET Student Loans, visit Learn to Fly Australia.

3. I Can Only Work In Australia

A common misconception among aspiring airline pilots in Australia is that their career opportunities are limited to Australia.

However, Australian-trained pilots actually have prospects in various countries, notably Australia and the United States. Australian citizens can utilize the E3 visa to work in the US, and many American airlines actively recruit Australian pilots. There are numerous examples of Australian pilots flying with regional airlines in the US.

Additionally, airlines in Asia often welcome pilots from different countries, and the best way to find out about these opportunities is by checking the airlines’ recruitment websites.

Furthermore, Australian citizens holding dual nationalities have even more options. For instance, those with European passports can apply to many airlines in Europe, where the entry requirements can be less stringent than in Australia. This global mobility significantly broadens the career prospects for pilots trained in Australia, offering them a chance to work in various international aviation markets.

In conclusion, the journey to becoming an airline pilot in Australia is shrouded in misconceptions, but understanding the realities can open doors to exciting opportunities. The need for a bachelor’s degree is a myth; practical flying experience holds more value in the industry. Aspiring pilots should focus on obtaining their CPL, MECIR, and passing ATPL theory exams, while accruing necessary flying hours. Additionally, financial barriers are less daunting with support like the VET Student Loans. Moreover, Australian pilots have global career prospects, not just in Australia but also in the US, Europe, and Asia. These insights offer a clearer path for those dreaming of a career in the skies, proving that with dedication and strategic planning, becoming an airline pilot is an achievable and rewarding goal.

What Else Should I Know?

We’ve compiled a few useful posts that might help you out. Wherever you are on your aviation journey, the team at Learn To Fly Melbourne are here to help. We want you to pass your exams and have an excellent career, so please reach out if we can help support you through your course and studies!

Embarking on a journey with a Private Pilot’s Licence (PPL) in Australia opens up a world of possibilities, each as diverse as the landscapes below. This license not only signifies the skill and freedom to pilot an aircraft but also serves as a gateway to unique experiences and adventures. From the thrill of personal exploration to the practicalities of business travel, the privilege of holding a PPL in the vast and varied expanse of Australia offers a range of fulfilling activities. This blog delves into five exciting things you can do with a PPL, showcasing how this licence can transform the way you interact with the world, both above and below.

1. Exploring the Melbourne Landscape

Expanding your adventure as a private pilot in Melbourne, you have the unique opportunity to explore a myriad of breathtaking landscapes from the air. Each flight from Moorabbin Airport is a new journey, whether you’re heading toward the rugged beauty of the Great Ocean Road or the serene Yarra Valley. Picture the vineyards and rolling hills of the Yarra Valley spreading out beneath you, a tapestry of green and gold. Melbourne pilots often speak of the exhilaration of skirting along the Dandenong Ranges, where the lush forests present a stark contrast to the urban sprawl.

The Mornington Peninsula offers a different allure with its blend of calm bays, wild ocean beaches, and quaint coastal villages. Flying along this coastline, you get to appreciate the unique geography that defines Victoria’s beloved peninsula. Melbourne’s weather can be unpredictable, so pilots learn to be adept at interpreting forecasts and making sound judgment calls.

Safety remains a top priority, with seasoned pilots advocating for regular aircraft maintenance and comprehensive pre-flight checks. Beyond the technical aspects, these flights are about the experiences they bring. They are about the quiet moments above the clouds, the shared stories with fellow aviators, and the sense of community among those who take to the skies. It’s about capturing the essence of Melbourne and its surroundings from a perspective few get to experience. Every flight is not just a journey through space but also through the rich tapestry of natural beauty that makes Victoria so unique.

2. Personal and Business Travel

Holding a Private Pilot’s Licence (PPL) in Australia opens up a realm of possibilities, especially in terms of travel, both for personal leisure and business purposes. Imagine the freedom of planning a weekend getaway, flying to a secluded beach or a tranquil spot in the countryside, far away from the bustling city life. With a PPL, you can take off on your own schedule, steering clear of the typical frustrations associated with commercial flights. You have the liberty to explore hidden gems and less-travelled destinations, creating unique and memorable experiences each time you take to the skies.

For business professionals, a PPL is a game-changer in terms of travel efficiency and flexibility. The ability to fly to meetings, conferences, or site visits on your own timeline is an incredible advantage. It bypasses the need to adhere to commercial airline schedules, which can often be restrictive or inconvenient. This autonomy in travel not only saves precious time but also allows for more productivity and can significantly enhance your competitiveness in the business world. The convenience of flying directly to a destination means that business opportunities in remote or regional areas become more accessible, broadening the scope of potential market expansion and networking.

In essence, a Private Pilot’s Licence in Australia is not just a license to fly; it’s a ticket to unbridled exploration and efficiency. Whether it’s for leisurely adventures across diverse Australian landscapes or for making significant strides in business ventures, a PPL offers a unique and liberating way to travel.

3. Joining the Aviation Community

Holding a Private Pilot’s Licence (PPL) in Australia offers more than just flying; it’s an entry into a vibrant, passionate aviation community.

When you join a flying school, you connect with like-minded individuals who share your passion for the skies. The school often host a variety of events, from casual fly-ins to educational workshops, where knowledge, experiences, and stories are exchanged.

Attending aviation events not only broadens your horizons but also keeps you abreast of the latest industry trends and best practices. Networking with other pilots and aviation enthusiasts can lead to lifelong friendships and valuable connections, further enriching your flying experience. This sense of community is one of the most rewarding aspects of holding a PPL, as it provides support, learning opportunities, and a shared sense of adventure.

4. Advanced Pilot Training and Careers

Acquiring a Private Pilot’s Licence (PPL) is often the starting point for aspiring aviators in Australia, paving the way for more advanced certifications and a diverse range of career opportunities. This foundational skill set not only serves as a stepping stone towards obtaining a Commercial Pilot Licence (CPL) but also opens doors to acquiring specialized skills like a Multi-Engine Command Instrument Rating. Each subsequent certification builds on the fundamental knowledge gained from the PPL, deepening a pilot’s understanding of aviation and enhancing their flying capabilities. Pursuing further training means embracing more complex and challenging aspects of aviation, such as advanced navigation techniques, handling different aircraft types, and flying in a variety of weather conditions.

This progression from a PPL to higher qualifications is not just about technical skill enhancement; it’s also a journey towards fulfilling a range of professional roles within the aviation industry. Whether it’s a career as a commercial airline pilot, a charter pilot, a flight instructor, or a role in aerial surveying and photography, each advanced certification opens new career pathways. For those passionate about aviation, the journey from a PPL to advanced pilot credentials offers an exciting, dynamic career with the opportunity to constantly grow, learn, and explore new facets of the skies. With dedication and perseverance, the skills honed during this journey can lead to a rewarding and esteemed position in the diverse world of aviation.

5. Volunteer and Humanitarian Missions

As a holder of a Private Pilot’s Licence (PPL) in Australia, you have the opportunity to engage in meaningful volunteer work and humanitarian missions. A notable example of such initiatives is the Angel Flight program. This admirable organization coordinates flights for medical patients, especially those living in remote areas, who need to travel to healthcare facilities. By volunteering with Angel Flight, you can use your flying skills to make a significant difference in people’s lives, providing essential transport services that can have a profound impact on their health and well-being.

In addition to medical transport, a PPL also allows you to participate in disaster relief efforts, where pilots can play a crucial role in delivering aid and assistance in emergency situations. Environmental conservation projects also benefit from the skills of private pilots, whether it’s conducting aerial surveys of wildlife habitats or monitoring environmental changes. These activities not only provide valuable assistance to the projects themselves but also offer a deeply rewarding experience, allowing you to contribute positively to society and the environment.

6. Have Fun

One of the most enjoyable aspects of having a Private Pilot’s Licence (PPL) in Australia is the sheer joy and freedom of flying, either solo or with friends. Navigating the skies is an exhilarating experience, enjoying the stunning aerial views of Australia’s diverse landscapes.

Apart from leisure flights, you can also partake in exciting flying activities like the Outback Air Race, which is held every two years. This event is not only a thrilling race across the Australian skies but also an opportunity to meet and connect with fellow aviation enthusiasts. Engaging in such activities enhances your flying experience, providing fun, challenge, and a sense of community among pilots. Whether it’s for the thrill of competition or the pleasure of a leisurely flight, the enjoyment factor of flying with a PPL is undoubtedly one of its greatest appeals.

What Else Should I Know?

We’ve compiled a few useful posts that might help you out. Wherever you are on your aviation journey, the team at Learn To Fly Melbourne are here to help. We want you to pass your exams and have an excellent career, so please reach out if we can help support you through your course and studies!

As we step into 2024, the question of whether to commence flight training beckons with new urgency. In this comprehensive guide, we explore why 2024 is the ideal time to spread your wings. Drawing insights from recent aviation summits in Portugal and Dubai, and understanding the current landscape, we delve into why 2024 stands as a pivotal year for future pilots.

The Diverse World of Flight Training

Flight training attracts two distinct groups: those flying for fun and those aiming for an aviation career. Understanding the motivations and goals of each group is crucial in tailoring the training experience.

For hobbyists, flying is an expression of freedom and passion. Starting flight training requires personal readiness, time, and financial capacity. Flexible training schedules allow for a tailored approach, accommodating training once a week or several times a month. Remarkably, training can begin as early as 14 or 15, leading to an RPL (Recreational Pilot Licence) flight test at 16. This accessibility makes recreational flying a diverse and inclusive field.

For those aspiring to become professional pilots, 2024 emerges as an opportune year. Recent insights from global aviation training summits in Portugal and Dubai highlight a critical shortage of pilots worldwide. This shortage extends beyond airline pilots, including flight instructors, reflecting an industry-wide challenge.

Aspiring Professional Pilots – Why 2024 is Your Year

The global demand for pilots has never been higher. Our recent participation in top aviation summits has revealed a critical shortage of pilots worldwide. This opens a gateway of opportunities for those aspiring to a professional flying career.

The aviation industry is experiencing an unprecedented demand for pilots. Flight schools are struggling with limited resources, including a shortage of instructors and aircraft, with new aircraft deliveries taking up to 2-3 years.

Concurrently, airlines worldwide are expanding their fleets, and the number of aircraft orders placed directly indicates the growing need for pilots. This demand is set to intensify, especially with many current airline pilots nearing retirement over the next decade.

Aviation Opportunities Around the World

Europe’s Growing Demand for Pilots

Europe’s aviation market is undergoing significant change. With a high demand for pilots, airlines in Europe are increasingly open to hiring fresh CPL graduates. This shift presents a unique opportunity for new pilots to enter the industry. The emergence of MPL training programs in Europe is a testament to the innovative approaches being adopted to expedite pilot training.

The U.S. Aviation Market and Opportunities for Australians

The U.S. aviation market is experiencing a hiring boom, with both regional and mainline airlines actively seeking pilots. This has opened doors for Australian pilots, who can work in the U.S. under the E3 visa. However, the requirement of a minimum of 1,500 flying hours means that aspiring pilots need to be well-prepared.

Australia’s Position in the Global Aviation Landscape

In Australia, the demand for pilots has led to flight schools facing challenges in retaining experienced instructors, many of whom are transitioning to U.S. or domestic airlines. This has also resulted in Australian airlines lowering their recruitment requirements from 1,500 total flying hours to 500 total flying hours.

Embarking on Your Aviation Journey

The current pilot shortage is expected to continue for at least another 3-5 years, making 2024 an opportune time to begin flight training.

For students in Australia, the availability of VSL (VET Student Loans) for CPL (Commercial Pilot Licence) and MECIR (Multi-Engine Command Instrument Rating) is a significant advantage. This financial support allows students to focus on their training without the immediate burden of tuition fees. This support system is relatively rare globally and provides a substantial advantage for Australian students.

For those committed to a career in aviation, planning and seeking guidance is essential. Prospective pilots should start mapping out their journey, considering the current industry landscape and future trends. After finishing the training, accumulating flying hours is a critical part of a pilot’s journey too.

At Learn To Fly Melbourne, we offer tailored training programs, expert guidance, and a supportive learning environment. Our unique position in the industry, combined with our state-of-the-art fleet and experienced instructors, makes us an ideal choice for aspiring pilots.

2024 – A Window of Opportunity

2024 presents a unique opportunity for both recreational flyers and those aiming for a career in aviation. The global and regional aviation landscapes are ripe with opportunities, and Learn To Fly Melbourne stands ready to guide aspiring pilots towards achieving their dreams. Whether it’s for the love of flying or the pursuit of a professional career, 2024 is your year to take to the skies.

What Else Should I Know?

We’ve compiled a few useful posts that might help you out. Wherever you are on your aviation journey, the team at Learn To Fly Melbourne are here to help. We want you to pass your exams and have an excellent career, so please reach out if we can help support you through your course and studies!

Working as a Flight Instructor is one of the most rewarding aviation careers you can choose. The feeling of watching someone you trained fly solo for the first time is like nothing else, trust us. To work as a Flight Instructor, you need to obtain a Flight Instructor Rating (FIR). It’s a rewarding and exciting challenge and a fantastic option for anyone chasing a career in aviation. Let’s take a look at what’s required to become a Flight Instructor, what pathways there are and why you should consider enrolling today.

Learning to Teach

In obtaining a FIR, you will learn the necessary skills and knowledge to teach the pilots of tomorrow to fly. You’ll learn how to deliver the flight training syllabus, typical flight instruction techniques and how to tailor your instruction to different learning styles. You’ll also go further in-depth in areas you’ve already studied as a student. Gain a deeper knowledge of areas such as aircraft systems and operation, regulatory requirements, navigation and human factors. In addition to the theory, Learn To Fly’s FIR course includes 36 hours of Dual Flight Training. Our FIR course can be completed full-time in 12 weeks, or part-time typically over 6 – 12 months.

Where Will an FIR Lead Me?

Obtaining an FIR will allow you to train new students to fly aircraft all around Australia. For students chasing a career in Flight Instruction, the FIR allows you to work in your dream job, passing on your knowledge to eager students. Should you wish to progress further as a Flight Instructor, you may then choose to undertake further study, to conduct more advanced training. Learn To Fly offers a number of advanced training courses, including the Grade 1 & Grade 2 Training Endorsement, allowing you to take on further responsibilities.

For pilots looking for a career more broadly in the aviation industry, getting your FIR is still a smart choice. It will allow you to gain experience within the industry, while you work towards whatever other career you may be chasing. It looks fantastic on your resume, and – most importantly – you get to spend your days and make your money flying. Many airline and commercial pilots hold some level of instruction endorsement, and many intend to return to instruction as an end-of-career move too.

Working as A Flight Instructor

A typical day in the life of a Flight Instructor in Australia is dynamic and filled with various responsibilities. A flight instructor’s schedule can vary, but here’s a general outline of what you might expect.

Flight Instructors begin their day with a thorough weather check to assess flying conditions. This will involve reviewing weather charts, forecasts and NOTAMs. From there, a typical morning would involve pre-flight briefings with students, and discussing the objectives for the day’s lessons. Training flights would then follow, providing guidance to students from the right seat. Upon returning from a training flight, an afternoon may involve classroom time with students to study theory, followed by various administrative tasks.

A Truly Rewarding Career

A career as a Flight Instructor can be a deeply rewarding and fulfilling career path for a number of compelling reasons.

Mentorship

Flight instructors have the unique opportunity to mentor and shape the next generation of aviators. Sharing your knowledge and expertise with aspiring pilots is not only a chance to give back to the aviation community but also to make a lasting impact on individuals’ lives and careers.

Skill Development

As an instructor, you continually refine your own piloting skills and deepen your understanding of aviation. Teaching others requires a comprehensive knowledge of flight theory, aircraft systems, regulations, and decision-making, making you a more proficient and knowledgeable pilot.

Personal Growth

Flight instruction challenges you to become a better communicator, problem solver, and leader. You learn to adapt your teaching style to individual learning needs, which enhances your interpersonal and instructional abilities.

Safety Advocacy

Flight instructors play a crucial role in instilling a strong safety culture in aviation. You impart not just the technical skills but also the safety mindset that is vital for the industry’s continued growth and safety.

Variety and Adventure

Every day as a flight instructor is different. You work with students from diverse backgrounds, tackle various challenges, and experience a wide range of flying conditions. It’s an adventurous career that keeps you engaged and excited.

Job Stability

The demand for qualified flight instructors often remains strong, providing job stability in the aviation industry. Experienced instructors may also have opportunities to advance into positions such as chief instructor or check pilot.

Professional Accomplishment

Graduating successful pilots who achieve their licenses and ratings is a source of great professional satisfaction. Witnessing your students’ progress and seeing them soar as confident, capable pilots is an immensely rewarding experience.

In summary, a career as a Flight Instructor offers the opportunity to combine your passion for flying with a meaningful and impactful role in nurturing the future of aviation. It’s a career that fosters personal and professional growth, instils a strong sense of accomplishment, and allows you to share your love of flight with others. If this is something that sparks your interest, get in touch with Learn To Fly today!

What Else Should I Know?

We’ve compiled a few useful posts that might help you out. Wherever you are on your aviation journey, the team at Learn To Fly Melbourne are here to help. We want you to pass your exams and have an excellent career, so please reach out if we can help support you through your course and studies!

Attempting to “stick” a mishandled landing has the potential to lead to significant aircraft damage and the possibility of injury to occupants if a landing known as ballooned, bounced and porpoise landing occurs. Ballooned, bounced and porpoise landings may be triggered by environmental factors; however, excessive approach speed and control inputs by pilots are the determinant factors in the severity of the outcome.

Should a ballooned, bounced and porpoise landing start to develop the pilot must take prompt and decisive action to avoid adverse outcomes. Understanding the dynamics and cause will equip pilots with knowledge on how to avoid, recognise and recover from these types of landing mishaps.

A note on the correct landing technique

Correct landing technique involves the aircraft approaching the runway at just the right speed to permit sufficient lift to be generated to transition from the descending approach flightpath to one that is parallel to the runway (round-out) and to set the landing attitude (flare or hold-off) just above the runway without stalling.

During the hold-off at the correct airspeed, the opportunity for the aircraft to climb or lift off again is limited and the aircraft is likely to settle onto the runway. At higher airspeeds, the aircraft is at risk of climbing away from the runway or lifting off again. At the correct round-out height there is insufficient height to attain a high vertical speed at touch-down that may cause the aircraft to land heavily.

The correct landing technique for an aeroplane with a tricycle undercarriage involves the main wheels contacting the runway first. The Centre of Gravity (CoG) is positioned forward of the main wheels and provides a nose-down moment when the aircraft’s weight starts being supported by the main wheels. The nose-down moment produced by weight and undercarriage acts to decrease the Angle of Attack (AoA) of the wing and improves the likelihood for the aircraft to settle on the runway. This is one of the advantages of the tri-cycle undercarriage.

Ballooned landing

A ballooned landing is an aerodynamically induced vertical departure (climb) away from the runway usually caused by a pilot attempting to land with excess airspeed. At higher airspeeds, a longer period of time is required to “wash off” the airspeed (float) which increases the risk for the aircraft to climb away or lift off again from the runway.

Mis-timed and excessive nose-up elevator control inputs during the round-out or hold-off at an excessive airspeed will likely cause the aircraft to climb. A sudden increase in head-wind component (a gust) could be the initial cause for a ballooned landing; however, excess airspeed is required, and incorrect pilot control inputs will increase the severity.

During the ballooning climb airspeed is lost, lift decreases, and the aircraft may enter a state where there is insufficient airspeed to effectively maintain control of the aircraft’s descent back to the runway resulting in a hard landing. Attempting to control the balloon with the elevator may lead to the pilot “overcontrolling” and causing the aircraft to nose into the runway or into a series of swoops and dives called Pilot Induced Oscillation (PIO).

Managing a ballooned landing requires perfectly timed and precise control inputs. The safest option is to go around because an incorrectly managed balloon could lead to a hard, bounced or porpoise landing.

Bounced landing

A bounced landing is a kinetically induced vertical departure from the runway where the aircraft is briefly pushed back up by the action of undercarriage shock absorbers and tyres as they recoil from the runway. Bounces are caused by descending onto the runway at a high vertical speed usually after having rounded out too high or rounding out too late.

The term bounced landing usually refers to a landing limited to one significant oscillation before settling on the runway. The bounce may be brief, just the time it takes for the aircraft to fall back onto the runway, or they may be sustained in a coupled aerodynamic balloon. A landing involving the nosewheel bouncing off the runway will likely lead to the aircraft pitching up, and with sufficient airspeed, a balloon is likely to follow.

Aerodynamically lifting off after contact with the runway is often referred to as a bounced landing though, more correctly, it is a ballooned landing after touching down. Managing a bounced landing requires perfectly timed and precise control inputs. The safest option is to go around because an incorrectly managed bounce could lead to a hard or porpoise landing.

Porpoise landing

A porpoise landing is an aerodynamic and kinetic series of vertical departures from the runway where the aeroplane bounces and balloons in a series of nose-down impacts and pitch-up rebounds. To an onlooker, the landing resembles a porpoise breaching the surface of the water, diving back in nose first and re-emerging again in a series of graceful and apparently playful leaps. It’s neither graceful nor much fun in an aeroplane. Porpoise landings often follow a ballooned or bounced landing.

Development of the porpoise landing:

1. The pilot attempts to land the aeroplane at excess airspeed.
2. The nosewheel contacts the runway before the mainwheels after a bounce, balloon or failure to round out properly. At flying speed, the wings will be supporting the weight of the aircraft and the nosewheel is more likely to elastically recoil from the ground (kinetic bounce).
3. With the aircraft still flying and free to rotate in the pitching plane, the recoil of the nosewheel leads to a pitch-up attitude change.
4. At an airspeed above the minimum for level flight, the increase in AoA created by the pitch-up attitude change generates additional lift on the wings and the aircraft starts climbing away from the runway (aerodynamic balloon).
5. If the throttle is closed for landing, airspeed will decay rapidly, the lift will decrease, and the aircraft’s trajectory will transition to a descent.
6. As the aircraft starts descending, the natural stability of the aircraft pitches the nose down. This results in a further decrease in lift and leads to the aircraft descending nosewheel first back onto the runway with increased vertical velocity and a harsher bounce.
7. The cycle is then repeated, likely with greater amplitude.

Ground effect contributes by creating a pitch-down moment and allows the aircraft’s wings to develop greater lift for the same pitch attitude and airspeed. The change in longitudinal pitch balance may lead to the nose-wheel touching down before the mainwheels and the increased lift potential may cause the pilot to “over-control” the aircraft trying to find the correct landing attitude.

The amplitude of the first few oscillations usually increases as the pitch up induced by subsequent rebounds increases with higher nosewheel impact forces with each bounce. If the throttle is closed, the amplitude of the oscillations will eventually decay as airspeed decreases (energy dissipates). Power or thrust will add energy to the equation and may increase the amplitude and duration of the oscillations. 

An attempt to control (suppress) a porpoise landing may exacerbate the problem if a Pilot Induced Oscillation (PIO) occurs. In a PIO/porpoise landing the pilot’s corrective control inputs, likely exceeding those required and lagging where they would be effective, become roughly in phase with the aircraft’s natural oscillations and increase in amplitude and duration of the oscillations.

Attempting to manage a porpoise landing is likely not possible. Pilot reaction times, aircraft inertia and delays in the aircraft’s response to control inputs make it almost impossible for a pilot to anticipate and make corrective control inputs. The safest option is to go around with a porpoise landing likely to result in damage to the aircraft.

Consequences of ballooned, bounced and porpoise landings 

Harsh contact on the nosewheel in a pitch-down attitude may cause substantial damage to the aircraft. The nosewheel briefly bears the weight and downward momentum of the aircraft. This causes the nose oleo and tyre to compress and combined with the aircraft’s nose-down attitude may result in the propeller contacting the runway, leading to severe damage to the propeller and engine.

Very harsh contact on the nosewheel transmits forces through the structure that connects the nose undercarriage to the airframe. Ultimately, the nosewheel undercarriage could collapse.

Additionally, the undercarriage is commonly directly connected to the engine firewall or indirectly through the aircraft’s engine mount. Strong forces and moments generated may damage the engine mounts and firewall. The engine firewall may also support the aircraft’s cockpit control mechanisms. A damaged firewall may compromise or even render the flight controls inoperative.

Delays in going around after a ballooned, bounced or porpoise landing may lead to control difficulties or stalling. After ballooning or bouncing airspeed rapidly decreases. Applying full power after the airspeed has decreased may generate strong yaw and pitch-up moments that may lead to an undesired aircraft state. The aircraft may not have sufficient thrust to effectively overcome drag at low airspeed, the aircraft’s track may diverge from the runway, initial climb performance may be poor and if not properly handled by the pilot, the aircraft may stall.

Proper pilot actions

– Fly the right approach. Do not attempt to land with excessive airspeed. Strictly apply stabilised approach criteria and perform a missed approach and go-around for deviations from flightpath and/or airspeed.

– If the aircraft (all but slightly) balloons during the hold-off, perform a missed approach and go-around. The risk of a landing mishap (bounced–porpoise landing) to follow is too great to risk.

– Round out at the correct height. Perform a missed approach and go-around after rounding out too high or too low. The risk of a hard landing will likely follow.

– If the aircraft does bounce on landing, perform a missed landing and go around from the first bounce. The likelihood of aircraft damage increases with each bounce.

– Should a porpoise landing start to develop, perform a missed landing and go around as soon as possible to avoid further control difficulties and undesired aircraft states.

CASA pilot competencies: control ballooning during flare and control bouncing after touchdown are described in the CASR Part 61 Manual of Standards, Elements A4.1 (b) (i) & (iii) and A4.4. As part of your flight training your instructor will give you training on how to avoid and manage slightly ballooned and bounced landings, and of course missed approaches and go-arounds.

The safest response to ballooned, bounced and porpoise landings, no matter how slight, is to perform a missed approach and go-around.

👉🏻 The Airplane Flying Manual – FREE downloadable FAA publication 👈🏻

What Else Should I Know?

We’ve compiled a few useful posts that might help you out. Wherever you are on your aviation journey, the team at Learn To Fly Melbourne are here to help. We want you to pass your exams and have an excellent career, so please reach out if we can help support you through your course and studies!

Are you dreaming of soaring through the skies as a commercial pilot in Australia? Obtaining a Commercial Pilot Licence (CPL) is a thrilling journey and enables you to chase a career in aviation. Undertaking a CPL course can be expensive, but there are plenty of options to help you achieve your dream. In this comprehensive guide, we’ll delve into the requirements, costs, and benefits of Learn To Fly’s Commercial Pilot Licence course.

Commercial Pilot Licence Training Overview

Learn To Fly’s CPL training program equips aspiring pilots with the skills and knowledge needed to embark on a career in commercial aviation. Here’s an overview of what the program entails:

Flight Hours

• 80 Dual Flying Hours: You’ll receive expert guidance and instruction from experienced flight instructors during these dual flying hours.
• 70 Pilot-In-Command Flying Hours: Take the controls and gain valuable hands-on experience as the pilot in command of an aircraft.
• 3.2 Hours Simulation Training: Hone your instrument skills in a controlled and simulated environment that will prepare you for real-world scenarios.
• CPL Flight Test: Your final assessment to demonstrate your readiness for a CPL.

Ground School and Theory

• Ground School & Briefing: We take your aviation education to the next level with comprehensive Ground School & Briefing sessions. Our state-of-the-art classrooms provide the perfect environment for in-depth instruction, where you’ll delve into crucial aviation topics with our experienced instructors. As part of our diploma course, we also offer specialized RPL, PPL, and CPL theory courses, ensuring you receive a well-rounded education that prepares you for success in the skies. From fundamental principles to advanced flight techniques, our Ground School & Briefing sessions empower you with the knowledge and skills needed to excel in your aviation career.

• Online Student Portal Access: Train from anywhere with Learn To Fly’s state-of-the-art student portal, offering online theory courses and practice exams.

Finance Options

Learn To Fly offers flexible payment options for their CPL training program:

• VET Student Loans:

VET Student Loans (VSL) is an Australian Commonwealth Government loan program that provides tuition fee loans to full fee-paying students who meet VSL eligibility requirements, allowing them to obtain qualifications and repay the loan once they earn an income.

This government-backed loan program provides a practical way to fund your training, allowing you to focus on your studies without financial stress.

• Pay By Instalments: We break down the diploma courses into training modules. Instead of paying the entire course fee upfront, you have the convenience of paying for each training module as it approaches. This approach ensures that your investment aligns with your progress, offering financial flexibility without compromise. It’s one more way we’re dedicated to making aviation education accessible to everyone.

VET Student Loans Assistance

Learn To Fly Australia Pty Ltd (trading as Learn To Fly Melbourne) is proud to be a VET Student Loans approved course provider (RTO 45684) for the following courses:

• AVI50219 Diploma of Aviation (Commercial Pilot Licence – Aeroplane)
• AVI50519 Diploma of Aviation (Instrument Rating)

One exciting aspect of Learn To Fly’s CPL program is the opportunity to enrol in the AVI50222 Diploma of Aviation (Commercial Pilot Licence – Aeroplane) course. This opens the door to potential VET Student Loans assistance, providing financial support to eligible students. VET Student Loans help ease the financial burden of CPL training, making your dream of becoming a commercial pilot more attainable.

Is It Worth It?

Pursuing a Commercial Pilot Licence is a significant investment in your future. It’s important to consider the potential benefits and career opportunities it can unlock. With Learn To Fly’s reputable training program, you’ll not only gain the necessary skills but also access to a network of aviation professionals. This network can prove invaluable when seeking job placements and advancing your aviation career.

Unlock Your CPL Journey with Learn To Fly

Obtaining a Commercial Pilot Licence in Australia is an exciting journey that can open the door to a fulfilling career in aviation. Learn To Fly’s comprehensive CPL training program provides aspiring pilots with the necessary skills and knowledge to excel in this field. With flexible payment options and the potential for VET Student Loans assistance, your dream of becoming a commercial pilot is within reach. So, take the first step, spread your wings, and soar toward a thrilling career in aviation with Learn To Fly.

Enroll in their CPL program today and make your dream of flying high a reality.

What Else Should I Know?

We’ve compiled a few useful posts that might help you out. Where ever you are on your aviation journey, the team at Learn To Fly Melbourne are here to help. We want you to pass your exams and have an excellent career, so please reach out if we can help support you through your course and studies!

Breaking Stereotypes: Women in Aviation

When you think of aviation, what comes to mind? Pilots navigating the skies with precision, air traffic controllers orchestrating seamless takeoffs and landings, and engineers designing cutting-edge aircraft—these are just a few facets of this dynamic industry. However, one aspect that deserves more attention is gender diversity in aviation. In this blog post, we’ll delve into the significance of promoting the participation of women in aviation, a traditionally male-dominated field.

A Historical Perspective of Women in Aviation

For decades, aviation has been marked by the perception that it is a predominantly male profession. While pioneering aviators like Amelia Earhart and Bessie Coleman broke through gender barriers in the early 20th century, the aviation industry has been slow to diversify its workforce.

The Current Landscape

Despite significant advancements in gender equality across various sectors, the aviation industry still faces gender disparities. According to the International Air Transport Association (IATA), women account for just over 5% of airline CEOs worldwide, and female pilots make up only about 5% of the global pilot workforce. These statistics highlight the need for change.

The Significance of Gender Diversity in Aviation

1. Tapping into a Larger Talent Pool

Promoting gender diversity in aviation allows the industry to tap into a broader talent pool. By encouraging more women to pursue careers in aviation, we can unlock a wealth of untapped potential and innovative thinking.

2. Improved Safety and Decision-Making

Diverse teams tend to make better decisions. In aviation, where safety is paramount, diverse perspectives can lead to more comprehensive risk assessments and creative problem-solving. Having a mix of genders in decision-making roles enhances overall safety.

3. Economic Advantages

A more diverse aviation industry can lead to economic benefits. It can help attract a wider customer base and cater to the needs and preferences of a more diverse population. This can result in increased revenue and growth opportunities for airlines, manufacturers, and service providers.

4. Inspiring Future Generations

Visibility matters. When young girls and boys see women thriving in aviation careers, it inspires them to pursue their dreams without limitations. This can have a cascading effect, encouraging more young women to choose aviation as a career path.

Challenges and Solutions

1. Stereotypes and Bias

One of the primary challenges women face in aviation is the persistence of stereotypes and biases. The industry must actively work to eliminate these stereotypes and provide equal opportunities for all.

2. Mentorship and Support

Establishing mentorship programs and support networks within the industry can help women navigate the challenges they may encounter. Having role models and allies can make a significant difference in career progression.

3. Educational Outreach

Aviation organizations, schools, and institutions should actively engage in educational outreach programs to encourage young women to explore aviation-related fields. These programs can include scholarships, workshops, and career expos.

4. Inclusive Policies

Employers in the aviation sector should implement inclusive policies and practices, such as family-friendly policies and flexible work arrangements, to support employees in balancing their personal and professional lives.

The Way Forward: A United Effort

Promoting gender diversity in aviation is not solely the responsibility of women. It’s a collective effort that involves individuals, organizations, and governments working together. Here’s how we can move forward:

1. Encourage Dialogue

Open and honest conversations about gender diversity in aviation can raise awareness of the challenges and opportunities. It’s essential for all stakeholders to engage in these discussions.

2. Set Targets and Goals

Aviation organizations should establish clear targets and goals for gender diversity in their workforce. These targets can provide a roadmap for progress and hold organizations accountable.

3. Invest in Education and Training

Investing in education and training programs that promote gender equality and diversity can prepare the next generation of aviation professionals for a more inclusive industry.

4. Recognize Achievements of Women in Aviation

Celebrate the achievements and contributions of women in aviation. Recognizing their accomplishments can inspire others and reinforce the value of gender diversity.

In conclusion, promoting gender diversity in aviation is not just a matter of fairness; it’s a strategic imperative for the industry’s growth and success. By breaking down barriers, challenging stereotypes, and creating inclusive environments, we can empower women to take flight in aviation careers, ensuring a brighter and more diverse future for the industry we all love.

At Learn To Fly, we actively encourage the participation of women across all of our flight training programs. We are committed to helping shape the next generation of female pilots into ideal candidates for airline, helping to improve the diversity of the workforce. If you’re a woman considering a career in aviation, be sure to check out our Diploma of Aviation (Commercial Pilot Licence – Aeroplane). We hope to see you in the skies soon!

What Else Should I Know?

We’ve compiled a few useful posts that might help you out. Where ever you are on your aviation journey, the team at Learn To Fly Melbourne are here to help. We want you to pass your exams and have an excellent career, so please reach out if we can help support you through your course and studies!

Australia’s aviation regulations some of the best in the world. Whether you’re beginning flight training or hold any level of pilot license, Australia’s regulatory system works to keep you safe. It’s a robust system, but one that can be tricky to understand. Let’s take a look at Australia’s regulatory system for aviation. We’ll learn the laws that govern us, and gain a better understanding our role in keeping our skies safe.

The Civil Aviation Safety Authority (CASA)

The Civil Aviation Safety Authority (CASA) is the national regulator for all non-military aviation in Australia. CASA’s role is to monitor both commercial and private aviation operations in Australia, issue licenses and -importantly – enforce safety requirements. In essence, CASA’s presence ensures that civil aviation in Australia runs smoothly, safely and in line with International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) standards and practices.

CASA performs its role, governed by two types of legislation; primary legislation and delegated legislation. Let’s explore each of these further.

Primary Legislation

Primary legislation is the laws that have been passed by Parliament. These include the Civil Aviation Act 1988 and the Airspace Act 2007. The Civil Aviation Act 1988 in particular, outlines CASA’s role as aviation regulator. It gives CASA the power to create and enforce regulations in the industry. It also allows CASA to function in an advisory role to parliament, presenting expert advice for future amendments to legislation.

Delegated Legislation

Delegated legislation consists of a variety of regulations, orders and standards that have been issued under the Civil Aviation Act 1988. These pieces of legislation provide the framework for CASA to operate in, and form the rules and regulations that we all must adhere to. There are several pieces of delegated legislation, let’s look at each one.

Civil Aviation Safety Regulations 1998 (CASR)

The Civil Aviation Safety Regulations 1998 (CASR) is a set of regulations created under the authority of the Civil Aviation Act 1988. These regulations cover a wide range of aviation safety aspects, such as flight operations, pilot licensing, aircraft maintenance, airworthiness standards, and more. CASA enforces CASR by conducting inspections, audits, and assessments to ensure compliance with the regulations. If violations are identified, penalties or sanctions can be issued. CASA also provides guidance and interpretation of CASR through advisory circulars, publications, and consultations with stakeholders.

Civil Aviation Regulations 1988 (CAR)

The Civil Aviation Regulations 1988 is a predecessor to CASR and covers older regulations related to aviation safety. Over time, some provisions have been transferred to CASR, while others remain in effect. CASA enforces CAR in the same manner as CASR, ensuring compliance through inspections and regulatory oversight. CASA may issue exemptions or variations from specific CAR provisions when warranted.

Civil Aviation Orders (CAO)

Civil Aviation Orders (CAOs) are legal instruments issued under the Civil Aviation Act 1988 that provide detailed requirements and standards for various aspects of aviation safety. They cover areas such as aircraft equipment, pilot training, and operational procedures. CASA enforces CAOs by monitoring compliance, conducting inspections, and ensuring that individuals and organizations in the aviation industry adhere to the specific requirements outlined in these orders. CASA periodically review and update CAOs to reflect changes in technology and safety standards.

Airspace Regulations 2007

These regulations pertain to the management and use of Australian airspace. They specify the rules and procedures governing air traffic control, air navigation, and the allocation of airspace for various purposes. CASA plays a crucial role in ensuring compliance with airspace regulations by overseeing air traffic control operations, conducting safety assessments, and promoting safe and efficient use of airspace. CASA also collaborates with other organizations, such as Airservices Australia, to manage and regulate airspace effectively.

Manuals of Standards (MOS)

Manuals of Standards (MOS) are detailed technical documents that provide specific standards and requirements for various aspects of aviation safety, including pilot training, aircraft maintenance, and aerodrome operations. CASA enforces MOS by assessing training programs, maintenance procedures, and other activities against the standards outlined in these manuals. CASA may also issue revisions or updates to MOS to reflect changes in best practices and safety standards.

Airworthiness Directives (ADs)

Airworthiness Directives (ADs) are safety directives issued by CASA to address specific safety issues or concerns related to aircraft, components, or equipment. They require compliance to mitigate identified risks. CASA enforces ADs by issuing directives to aircraft owners, operators, and maintenance organizations, mandating corrective actions or inspections. Compliance with ADs is crucial for ensuring the airworthiness and safety of aircraft in the Australian aviation industry.

Navigating Australia’s Aviation Regulations

Australia has a detailed and robust regulatory framework. It has allowed Australian airspace to become some of the safest in the world, and gives CASA the power to maintain this. All of it means nothing though, if we as pilots do not adhere to the rules. During your flight training, you may find the number of regulations to be daunting. Learn To Fly are here to help. All of our flight training programs, including our Commercial Pilot License (CPL) course, feature a heavy focus on learning the necessary regulations, ensuring that our graduates are compliant, safe and ready to chase their aviation dreams.

What Else Should I Know?

We’ve compiled a few useful posts that might help you out. Where ever you are on your aviation journey, the team at Learn To Fly Melbourne are here to help. We want you to pass your exams and have an excellent career, so please reach out if we can help support you through your course and studies!